Frequently Asked Questions on Iwi Management Plans
What is an iwi management plan?
An iwi management plan (IMP) is a term commonly applied to a resource management plan prepared by an iwi, iwi authority, rūnanga or hapū.
IMPs are generally prepared as an expression of rangatiratanga to help iwi and hapū exercise their kaitiaki roles and responsibilities. IMPs are a written statement identifying important issues regarding the use of natural and physical resources in their area.
While the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) does not define IMPs, it refers to these plans as ‘planning documents recognised by an iwi authority’. More information is available at: what is the statutory recognition for an iwi management plan?
IMPs are often holistic documents that cover more than RMA matters (see question 6). They may assume a variety of shapes and forms; from formal planning documents similar to council policy documents, to informal statements of iwi policies, or a detailed memos or reports.
Other names for such documents include:
- iwi environmental plan
- iwi resource management plan
- iwi planning document
- hapū environmental management plan
- hapū management plan.
What is the statutory recognition for an iwi management plan?
The Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) describes an iwi management plan (IMP) as ‘…a relevant planning document recognised by an iwi authority and lodged with the council’.Section 2 of the Act defines an iwi authority as ‘the authority which represents an iwi and which is recognised by that iwi as having authority to do so’.
IMPs must be taken into account when preparing or changing regional policy statements and regional and district plans (sections 61(2A)(a), 66(2A)(a), and 74(2A)(a)) (see question 8). The RMA is silent on how IMPs are developed, and they therefore assume a variety of shapes and forms.
The RMA establishes three criteria for IMPs to be taken into account when making plans under the RMA; they must be:
- recognised by an iwi authority
- relevant to the resource management issues of the region/district
- lodged with the relevant council(s).
A number of provisions within the RMA provide for Māori interests in resource management. IMPs can assist in implementation of the Act by:
- Guiding councils in giving effect to Part 2, particularly sections 6(e), 6(f), 6(g), 7(a), and 8.
- Informing the preparation or change of regional policy statements and regional and district plans.
- Informing the preparation and assessment of applications for resource consent.
Iwi planning documents are also provided for under the Fisheries (Kaimoana Customary Fishing) Regulations 1998 and the Fisheries (South Island Customary Fishing) Regulations 1999.
How do I know if there is an iwi management plan for the area I am interested in?
The Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) requires iwi management plans (IMPs) to be ‘lodged’ with the relevant local authority for them to be considered under the RMA. Lodging an IMP can simply involve the iwi authority delivering a copy to the relevant local authority through the post, by email or over the counter. However, often an official launch will be held on a marae, or some other kind of formal notification will be given by the iwi authority. Environment Bay of Plenty has an official lodgement form (PDF 312 KB) to help ensure all IMPs are known and accurately recorded.
Section 35A of the RMA requires each local authority to keep and maintain a record of any planning document recognised by an iwi authority within its region or district which has been lodged with the council. Council records must also include:
- The contact details of each iwi authority and group that represents hapū for RMA purposes (the Crown, through Te Puni Kōkiri, provides this information as a starting point on www.tekahuimangai.govt.nz).
- Any area of the region or district over which one or more iwi or hapū exercise kaitiakitanga.
The Ministry for the Environment is gathering information from iwi, hapū and local authorities on planning documents recognised by an iwi authority and lodged with a local authority. On completion, a list will be made available on these web sites; www.mfe.govt.nz and www.rma.govt.nz
How do I get a copy of an iwi management plan?
Local authorities should hold a copy of each planning document recognised by an iwi authority and lodged with them (see question 3).
Councils may make iwi management plans (IMPs) they hold available for viewing over the counter at council offices. Some IMPs may be available electronically through the council or iwi websites. In addition, copies may be available for purchase from the relevant iwi authority or hapū. Contact details of each iwi authority and group that represents hapū for the purposes of the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) are available from councils or on www.tekahuimangai.govt.nz.
Some information within IMPs may be sensitive and not be available for public viewing.
How do I know if an iwi management plan has been ‘recognised by an iwi authority’?
The responsibility for preparing iwi management plans (IMPs) rests with iwi/ hapū, not local authorities.
The IMP should identify the area affected by the plan and state which iwi authority has recognised the plan as a ‘relevant planning document’ for the purposes of the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA). If these matters are unclear, or if the IMP has not been recognised by the iwi authority, the council should follow up with iwi/ hapū to confirm the status. This ensures accurate records are kept and enables appropriate consideration of the IMP in RMA plan development.
Section 35A records should only contain IMPs that have been recognised by the iwi authority. With any new IMP lodged, council should confirm that it has been recognised by the appropriate iwi authority before recording it under section 35A.
Some iwi/hapū have developed criteria to recognise iwi/hapū planning documents (see Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu example).
What does an iwi management plan contain?
The contents of an iwi management plan (IMP) will depend on the priorities and preferences of the iwi/hapū preparing the plan. IMPs are often holistic documents that cover more than resource management issues under the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA). Some IMPs will address economic, social, political and cultural issues in addition to environmental and resource management issues.
Much like council plans, IMPs may include issues, objectives, policies and methods relating to ancestral taonga, such as rivers, lakes, seabed and foreshore, mountains, land, minerals, wāhi tapu, wildlife and biodiversity, and places of tribal significance.
IMPs often detail how the iwi/ hapū expect to be involved in the management, development and protection of resources, and outline expectations for engagement and participation in RMA processes.
At a minimum, an IMP should identify the area of interest (rohe) to the iwi/hapū preparing the plan and state the resource management issues of significance to tangata whenua within that area.
How do I use an iwi management plan?
Iwi management plans (IMPs) are not just about the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA). They can provide useful insight and information for:
- Councils, in carrying out their powers and functions under various statutes (for example, in preparing Long Term Council Community Plans).
- People considering applying for resource consents or permissions for resource use under other statutes.
IMPs provide a starting point for achieving the purposes of the RMA in relation to recognising and providing for Māori cultural values and interests. In particular they:
- Provide a general understanding of tangata whenua values and interests in the natural and physical resources in a particular area.
- Must be taken into account when preparing or changing regional policy statements and regional and district plans (sections 61, 66, 74).
- Provide a starting point for consultation with iwi and hapū on council plans and policies (Schedule 1 clause 3(1)(d), clause 3B, and clause 3C).
- Provide a starting point for understanding potential effects of a proposed activity on Māori cultural values when making an application for resource consent (section 88 and schedule 4).
- May be cited in submissions and/or evidence relating to applications for resource consent, and decision makers may have regard to IMPs under section 104(1)(c).
In particular, council practitioners can use an IMP to:
- More effectively understand what is important to iwi/hapū, including matters outside the RMA.
- Gain a clearer insight into what ‘sustainable management’ means from a tangata whenua perspective, and how this can be delivered in their region/district.
- Identify and understand the expectations of iwi/hapū. For example, how they would like to be consulted and on what, and how things of value identified by tangata whenua might be managed both within and outside the RMA framework.
- Guide a potential applicant for resource consent on what information is required for assessing potential environmental effects, including effects on Māori cultural values (see Frequently Asked Questions on Cultural Impact Assessments).
- Identify key areas where the capacity and capability of tangata whenua could be enhanced to help manage natural and physical resources.
- Improve their understanding of the foundations on which relationships between iwi/hapū and local authorities can be fostered and, through this, improve relationships.
What does it mean to ‘take into account’ an iwi management plan when preparing or changing a plan?
Having identified the relevant factors for decision making, the Courts have held that the obligation to ‘take into account’ an iwi management plan (IMP) consists of a number of elements:
- weigh the relevant factors being considered
- effect a balance between these factors that is appropriate to the circumstances
- be able to show that you have done so.
These elements have been derived from Bleakley v ERMA [2001] 3 NZLR 213 and Haddon v Auckland Regional Council [1994] NZRMA59. If a matter is appropriately taken into account, then it must necessarily affect the discretion of the decision maker (R v CD [1976] 1 NZLR 436).
While there has been no specific ruling on its meaning in terms of IMPs under the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA), the elements above provide some useful prompts for councils preparing plans.
The RMA further qualifies the words ‘take into account’ with ‘to the extent that its content has a bearing on the resource management issues of the district’. This infers that there may be circumstances where some of the material contained in an IMP may not be relevant for RMA purposes. ‘Take into account’ also infers that the policy direction contained in an IMP may not be in line with the most appropriate policies or methods in terms of section 32.
Whangarei District Council has prepared ‘Guidelines for preparing and Taking into Account Iwi and Hapū Environmental Management Plans (PDF 72 KB)’ (September 2006). Whangarei District Council defines ‘taking into account’ to mean the IMP ‘must be shown to have input into the planning process and to have been incorporated into Council’s decision making’.
What is the role of iwi management plans in the next generation of Resource Management Act plans?
As councils prepare their second generation of district and regional plans and regional policy statements under the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA), iwi management plans (IMPs) can:
- Help identify the tangata whenua of a region/district and their values and interests.
- Assist the development of more specific plan provisions to better provide for the relationship of tangata whenua with important sites, areas and resources.
- Form the basis for improved relationships between local authorities and tangata whenua consistent with the Local Government Act 2002 and the RMA, in particular clause 3B of the First Schedule introduced by the 2005 amendment.
See ‘Writing provisions for regional and district plans’ for more information (due May 2008).
What do iwi management plans mean for resource consent applications?
Iwi management plans (IMPs) can be used in the resource consent process to:
- Identify the relevant tangata whenua and their preferred method of engagement for potential resource consent applicants.
Note: section 36A of the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) clarifies that neither an applicant for resource consent nor a consent authority has a duty to consult any person in respect of applications for resource consent or notices of requirement. However, councils still need to consider whether specific iwi or hapū are an affected party, and applicants and/or the council may need to make contact to identify any potential effects on Māori cultural values or interests.
- Help potential applicants for resource consent identify, early on, relevant matters that should be considered in preparing an assessment of environment effects (AEE) through the information requirements contained in section 88(2). Iwi planning documents assist applicants and councils to identify where iwi consider a cultural impact assessment may be required and inform the preparation of an AEE (see Frequently Asked Questions on Cultural Impact Assessments)
- Form an opinion as to whether tangata whenua, and which iwi or hapū, may be adversely affected by an activity subject to an application for resource consent.
- Provide guidance and assistance to council officers and decision makers when considering resource consent applications, particularly relevant Part 2 matters pertaining to Māori cultural values and interests (section 104(1)(c)).
- Highlight any other matters important to the tangata whenua of the district/region that may be relevant and necessary to determination the application.
Until such time as IMPs are adequately taken into account in RMA policies and plans, the resource consent process is important to help deliver resource management outcomes sought by iwi/hapū. The resource consent process is also important to demonstrate outcomes that implement the relevant provisions of the RMA for Māori.
If there is an iwi management plan for the region/district should I still consult?
Although iwi management plans (IMPs) form a basis for consultation and iwi/hapū involvement in resource management processes, they do not replace the need to engage tangata whenua, and wider Māori, in a meaningful way.
For councils preparing policies and plans, IMPs provide a useful starting point for iwi and hapū consultation and participation, including:
- Identifying the relevant tangata whenua, hapū and iwi authorities who may be affected by the proposed policy statement or plan.
- Identifying preferred methods and levels of participation desired by the iwi/ hapū in plan development.
- Identifying methods to assist iwi/ hapū to engage in plan preparation (schedule 1, clause 3B (a) and (b) of the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA)).
- Identifying matters of resource management significance to tangata whenua for further consultation.
- Identifying resource management issues of significance to the region’s iwi and hapu, that need to be further consulted when preparing regional policy statements (section 62(1)(b)(i)).
- Meeting the requirements of schedule 1 (particularly clauses 3(1)(d), 3B, 3C) to consult with iwi authorities who may be affected by policy statements and plans.
For applicants for resource consent, IMPs provide a useful starting point for consultation/engagement including:
- Identifying the relevant iwi/ hapū within the area subject to the proposed activity.
- Identifying when an iwi or hapū may be a considered an affected party by the consent authority.
- Identifying preferred methods of engagement and participation with tangata whenua.
- Outlining the information and assistance required by the iwi or hapū in order to consider a proposal.
- Identifying general issues of interest to tangata whenua and any particular sites or resources of importance.
- Identifying areas where certain activities may/may not be supported by the iwi or hapū.
- Guidance in assessing potential environmental effects of particular activities, including whether or not a cultural impact assessment may be beneficial for the application (see Frequently Asked Questions on Cultural Impact Assessments).
- Guidance on the information requirements in the assessment of potential effects on the environment, including potential effects on Māori cultural values (see Frequently Asked Questions on Cultural Impact Assessments for more information).
For councils in assessing applications for resource consent, IMPs provide a useful starting point for consultation/engagement to:
- Identify the relevant iwi/ hapū within the area subject to the application.
- Help identify whether or not the iwi/hapū may be an affected person; that is, whether the iwi/hapū is ‘affected in a manner different from the public generally’ (see To Notify or Not to Notify for more information on identifying affected persons).
- Provide a starting point for understanding potential effects of a proposed activity on Māori cultural values when considering an application for resource consent (section 88).
- Identify where further information, in the form of a cultural impact assessment, may be desirable (see Frequently Asked Questions on Cultural Impact Assessments for more information).
- Address resource management matters considered important to iwi/ hapū that need to be accorded appropriate weight under section 104.
For more information on consultation for plan preparation see Plan development: Consultation process.
While IMPs help facilitate resource management processes for councils and applicants for resource consent, they are not a substitute for face-to-face consultation and participation.
What if there is no iwi management plan in my area, or the activity I want to carry out is not covered in the iwi management plan?
For significant or large activities, it is good practice to contact the iwi/ hapū concerned to inform them and clarify their position. Where there is no iwi management plan (IMP) for the area or the activity, or the activity is not included within an existing iwi management plan, good consultation practices with tangata whenua remain important. For more information on engaging with tangata whenua see Consultation with tangata whenua.
Depending on the size and significance of the application, applicants may meet with iwi/ hapū to discuss their application prior to lodgement. Good practice is to consult when in doubt (see If there is an iwi management plan for the region/district should I still consult?).
If no IMP exists for an area, councils can assist the preparation of IMPs by providing funding and/or expertise and resources to the iwi or hapū. There are many good examples of this throughout the country: see council engagement with tangata whenua (due June 2008) for examples from the Ngāi Tahu Settlement monitoring, or the Environment Bay of Plenty information available on that Council’s website. Additional information on encouraging IMPs is contained in the Ministry for the Environment publication Whakamau ki nga Kaupapa.
What if there is more than one iwi management plan for the area I am interested in?
Iwi/hapū boundaries do not accord with local authority boundaries, and many councils have multiple iwi/hapū within their boundaries.
Council practitioners will need to consider all the information, including multiple iwi management plans (IMPs) and where there are no iwi management plans, and weigh the relevant issues when making a decision on resource management matters (see question 8 and question 10 for more information).
Multiple IMPs should be considered in the same way as multiple technical reports on a matter or multiple submissions, with council practitioners having regard for all the relevant values and points. The Environment Court, in Chapple, J v Bay of Plenty Regional Council [2006] W077/06, has held that it is not for the Council or the Environment Court to decide who is entitled to mana whenua over an area. It is therefore not appropriate to weigh one iwi planning document over another if both claim mana whenua over a single area, but to ensure that matters in both are addressed. Other tangata whenua may not have an IMP and still need to be consulted and engaged with on plan development and resource consents.
Applicants for resource consent should be aware that boundaries between iwi/hapū often overlap. Each IMP will help with understanding the environmental and cultural values of the respective iwi or hapū. Each IMP should be used to inform and prepare comprehensive applications for resource consent (see question 11 for more information). Again, good practice indicates the need to consult all groups.
Acknowledgements
These Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and answers were prepared by Kate Sedgley from the Ministry for the Environment, with input from Dyanna Jolly of Dyanna Jolly Consulting Ltd, Christchurch, and Chris Rosenbrock of Kāi Tahu ki Otago Ltd, Dunedin. The FAQs were peer reviewed by Arnu Turvey of Te Puni Kōkiri.
Provisions within the Resource Management Act 1991 providing for Māori interests in resource management
Below are some key provisions within the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA, the Act) that recognise Māori interests in resource management. A full copy of the Act is available through www.qp.org.nz/legislation/index.php.
Part |
Section |
Provision |
|---|---|---|
Part 2: |
5(2) |
‘Sustainable management’ means managing the use, development and protection of natural and physical resources in a way, or at a rate, which enables people and communities to provide for their social, economic, and cultural well-being and for their health and safety. |
|
6 |
In achieving the purpose of the RMA, all persons exercising functions and powers under it, in relation to managing the use, development, and protection of natural and physical resources, shall recognise and provide for the following matters of national importance: |
|
6(e) |
... the relationship of Māori and their culture and traditions with their ancestral lands, water, sites, wāhi tapu and other taonga. |
|
6(f) |
… the protection of historic heritage from inappropriate subdivision, use and development. |
|
6(g) |
… the protection of customary activities. |
|
7(a) |
In achieving the purpose of the RMA, all persons exercising functions and powers under it, in relation to managing the use, development and protection of natural and physical resources, shall have particular regard to kaitiakitanga. |
|
8 |
In achieving the purpose of the RMA, all persons exercising functions and powers under it, in relation to managing the use, development and protection of natural and physical resources, shall take into account the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi). |
Part 3: |
14(3)(c) |
Restrictions relating to water: A person is not prohibited from taking, using, damming or diverting any water, heat or energy if in the case of geothermal water, the water, heat or energy is taken or used in accordance with tikanga Māori for the communal benefit of the tangata whenua of the area and does not have an adverse effect on the environment. |
Part 4: |
33 |
A local authority that has functions, powers or duties under the RMA may transfer any one or more of those functions, powers or duties to another public authority in accordance with this section. For the purposes of this section, ‘public authority’ includes any iwi authority. |
|
34 |
A local authority may delegate to any committee of the local authority established under the LGA any of its functions, powers or duties under the RMA. |
|
35A |
Local Authorities must keep and maintain a record of each iwi authority in their area along with any groups that represent hapū. The record needs to include:
|
|
36B-E |
A local authority may enter into a joint management agreement with an iwi authority or group that represents hapū for the purposes of the RMA to exercise a function, power or duty jointly with the local authority. |
|
39(2)(b) |
In relation to hearings, in determining an appropriate procedure, a local authority, a consent authority, or a person given authority to conduct hearings shall recognise tikanga Māori where appropriate, and receive evidence written or spoken in Māori. The Māori Language Act 1987 shall apply accordingly. |
|
42 |
A local authority may make an order for a resource consent hearing to exclude the public or restrict the publication or communication of any information supplied to avoid serious offence to tikanga Māori, or to avoid the disclosure of the location of wāhi tapu. |
Part 5: Standards, Policy Statements, and Plans |
44 |
The Minister for the Environment must not recommend to the Governor-General the making of any national environmental standards unless the Minister has notified the public and iwi authorities of the proposed standard and the reasons for considering that standard is consistent with the purpose of the Act;
|
|
45(2)(h) |
In determining whether it is desirable to prepare a national policy statement, the Minister for the Environment may have regard to anything which is significant in terms of s8 (Treaty of Waitangi). |
|
58(b) |
A New Zealand coastal policy statement, prepared and recommended by the Minister of Conservation, may state policies about the protection of the characteristics of the coastal environment of special value to the tangata whenua, including wāhi tapu, tauranga waka, mahinga mātaitai and taonga raranga. |
|
61(2)(a)(iii) |
When preparing or changing a regional policy statement, the regional council shall have regard to any regulations relating to ensuring sustainability, or the conservation, management or sustainability of fisheries resources (including regulations or bylaws relating to taiapure, mahinga mātaitai or other non-commercial Māori customary fishing). |
|
61(2A)(a) |
When preparing or changing a regional policy statement, the regional council must take into account any relevant planning document recognised by an iwi authority and lodged with the council, to the extent that its content has a bearing on resource management issues of the region. |
|
61(2A)(b) |
When preparing or changing a regional policy statement, the regional council must recognise and provide for the management plan for a foreshore and seabed reserve located in whole or part within its region, once the management plan has been lodged with the council. |
|
62(1)(b)(i) and (ii) |
A regional policy statement must state the resource management issues of significance to iwi authorities in the region, and the board of a foreshore and seabed reserve, to the extent that those issues relate to the reserve. |
|
65(3)(e) |
Without limiting the power of a regional council to prepare a regional plan at any time, a regional council shall consider the desirability of preparing a regional plan whenever any significant concerns of tangata whenua for their cultural heritage in relation to natural and physical resources arise or are likely to arise. |
|
66(2)(c)(iii) |
When preparing or changing any regional plan, the regional council shall have regard to any regulations relating to ensuring sustainability, or the conservation, management or sustainability of fisheries resources (including regulations or bylaws relating to taiapure, mahinga mātaitai or other non-commercial Māori customary fishing). |
|
66(2A)(a) |
When preparing or changing a regional plan, the regional council must take into account any relevant planning document recognised by an iwi authority and lodged with the council, to the extent that its content has a bearing on resource management issues of the region. |
|
66(2A)(b) |
When preparing or changing a regional plan, the regional council must recognise and provide for the management plan for a foreshore and seabed reserve located in whole or part within its region, once the management plan has been lodged with the council. |
|
74(2)(b)(iii) |
When preparing or changing a district plan, a territorial authority shall have regard to any regulations relating to ensuring sustainability, or the conservation, management or sustainability of fisheries resources (including regulations or bylaws relating to taiapure, mahinga mātaitai or other non-commercial Māori customary fishing). |
|
74(2A)(a) |
When preparing or changing a district plan, a territorial authority must take into account any relevant planning document recognised by an iwi authority and lodged with the council, to the extent that its content has a bearing on resource management issues of the region. |
|
74(2A)(b) |
When preparing or changing a district plan, a territorial authority must recognise and provide for the management plan for a foreshore and seabed reserve located in whole or part within its region, once the management plan has been lodged with the council. |
Part 6: |
104 |
A consent authority’s consideration of an application for a resource consent and any submissions received is subject to Part 2 of the RMA. |
|
141B(2)(h) |
The Minister may call in matters of national significance, such as where the proposal, or part of a proposal, is of national significance, including where the matter is likely to be significant in terms of section 8 (the Treaty of Waitangi). |
Schedule 1 |
cl 2(2) |
A proposed regional coastal plan shall be prepared by the regional council concerned in consultation with the Minister of Conservation and:
|
|
cl 3(1) |
During the preparation of a proposed policy statement or plan, the local authority concerned shall consult:
|
|
cl 3B |
A local authority is to be treated as having consulted with iwi authorities in the preparation of a proposed policy statement or plan if it has done all of the following:
(Iwi authorities are those whose details are recorded under section 35A). |
|
cl 5(4)(f) |
A local authority shall provide one copy of its proposed policy statement or plan, without charge, to the tangata whenua of the area, through iwi authorities. |
|
cl 20(4)(f) & (g) |
The local authority shall provide one copy of its operative policy statement or plan without charge to both:
|
Schedule 12 |
cl 4(b)(v) |
The Minister of Conservation, when considering whether to impose controls on a recognised customary activity, may have regard to:
|
|
cl 9(b)(v) |
A regional council, in carrying out an adverse effects assessment of a recognised customary activity, may have regard to:
|
Definitions
Cultural impact assessment: a report documenting Māori cultural values, interests and associations with an area or a resource, and the potential impacts of a proposed activity on these.
Source: Frequently Asked Questions on Cultural Impact Assessments
Hapū: clan, tribe, sub tribe - section of a large tribe.
Source: Māori Dictionary www.maoridictionary.co.nz
Iwi: tribe, nation, people, race.
Source: Māori Dictionary www.maoridictionary.co.nz
Iwi authority : the authority which represents an iwi and which is recognised by that iwi as having authority to do so.
Source: s2 of the RMA
Iwi planning document : a planning document that is recognised by an iwi authority, and lodged with the council, to the extent that its content has a bearing on resource management issues of the region or district. An iwi planning document is also commonly known as an iwi management plan.
Source: s61 of the RMA
Kaitiaki: trustee, minder, guard, custodian, guardian.
Source: Māori Dictionary www.maoridictionary.co.nz
Kaitiakitanga: the exercise of guardianship by the tangata whenua of an area in accordance with tikanga Māori in relation to natural and physical resources; and includes the ethic of stewardship.
Source: s2 of the RMA
Mana whenua: customary authority exercised by an iwi or hapū in an identified area.
Source: s2 of the RMA
Rangatiratanga: sovereignty, chieftainship, right to exercise authority, self-determination, self-management, ownership, leadership of a social group.
Source: Māori Dictionary www.maoridictionary.co.nz
Rūnanga: council, tribal council, assembly.
Source: Māori Dictionary www.maoridictionary.co.nz
Tangata Whenua: the iwi, or hapū, that holds mana whenua over a particular area. For the purpose of this guidance document, the term tangata whenua has been used to apply to both singular tangata whenua groups and multiple tangata whenua groups.
Source: s2 of the RMA
Whānau: extended family, family group.
Source: Māori Dictionary www.maoridictionary.co.nz
Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu criteria for endorsing hapū environmental management plans as ‘iwi management plans’
‘The Kaiwhakahaere has the discretion to endorse environmental planning documents prepared by Papatipu Rūnanga, and at the request of Papatipu Rūnanga, as planning documents recognised by Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu as the Iwi Authority subject to the plan meeting the following criteria:
- The plan has been initiated and developed solely by the Papatipu Rūnanga and is an expression of rangatiratanga.
- The plan has been formally approved/signed off by the appropriate Papatipu Rūnanga.
- The plan shows consistency with existing tribal policy and plans.
- The plan appropriately recognises other Papatipu Rūnanga, hapū and Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu.
- The development of the plan has involved the input and participation of relevant units of Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu.’
Standing criteria passed by Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu April 2003
